Yes, most likely you have acquired bacterial vaginosis. This infection is caused by an organism known as gardnerella.
Bacterial vaginosis is very common and often associated with vaginal discharge and a foul odor. During intercourse, viable sperm can cause release of volatile amines from the discharge. Bacterial vaginosis is not considered to be a sexually transmitted disease.
However, you do need treatment. The disorder is easily diagnosed by looking under a microscope or by smelling the discharge (whiff test). The infections is treated with either clindamycin or metronidazole. These antibiotics can help resolve the infection in a few days.
In the meantime, maintain good genital hygiene and avoid intercourse for a few days. Your partner does not have to be treated.